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On Some Theoretical Problems of Carrying Forward and Cultivating the National Spirit XIA Weidong 2004(6): 17-21.  Abstract ( )   PDF (974KB) ( )   In order to carry forward and cultivate the national spirit,it is necessary to start out from grasping some important and basicrelations, and deepen the cognition and understanding of connotation of nationalspirit, so as to resolve some deep-level problems with which people are easilybewildered, namely, the width and the narrowness, the ancientness and the moderness, the oldness and the newness, the inside and outside, the name and the reality and so on.

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The Ethical Terseness of Pre-Qin Confucianism and the Spirit of the Chinese Nation WEN Keqin 2004(6): 22-27.  Abstract ( )   PDF (994KB) ( )   This paper thinks the ethical terseness of pre-Qin Confucianism has given play to main function in the process of formation and development of spiritthe Chinese nation, and expounds from its esteeming the benevolence and laying stress on the righteousness, valuing the propriety and honesty, laying stress onthe wisdom and valuing the braveness, valuing highly the harmony and holding themean, and its initiation of striving to become stronger and favoring the virtues, loving our country and presenting with all respect, the ideal of times of peace and prosperity, being the saint inside and the monarchy outside, and its characters of thoughts and so on.

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On the Meanings of the Ethical Propositions YAN Qingshan 2004(6): 28-32.  Abstract ( )   PDF (987KB) ( )   There is a doctrine in meta-ethics, which is that the ethical propositions haven't the descriptive meanings. We observe all kinds of theories of “theunit of meaning” and find that the meaning of a linguistic unit such as a term, a sentence or a text is the capacity contacting the others on the same level.So a meaningful ethical proposition should be a complex one including a “substantial implication”i.e.“‘ought to do A’implies‘ought to do B’”.

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Self-Identity Crisis and the Pluralistic Selection of Moral Ma Xiangzhen 2004(6): 33-36.  Abstract ( )   PDF (959KB) ( )   Self is acomplex concept, self-identity depends on the integration aboutmany different selves in the past, self-identity is also the subjective sense of consistency and succession on self development. Self-identity crisis reflectsthat self is being in conflict and contradiction, reflects that self is in discontinuity between the past and the present, between here and there. In modern society, the perfection or no on self will produce positive and negative effect, with more and more possible and active of individual moral selection.

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Dissymmetry Relation and Immoral Behavior LUO Nengsheng 2004(6): 37-42.  Abstract ( )   PDF (978KB) ( )   There is internality connection between the immoral behavior and the dissymmetryrelation. The dissymmetry relation weakens the restriction of the subject behavior, and reduces the cost of the immoral behavior, so it will produce inspirit when the immoral behaviorist chooses the immoral behavior. There are various of dissymmetry relations, the character and manner of the immoral behavior will change with the character and degree of the dissymmetry relation. It is important toconstitute a set of democratic and open society mechanism, to form a sort of symmetrical relation of information, right and personality, and cultivate the self-discipline consciousness of moral of the behaviorist, so as to get ride of theimmoral behavior, form a good of society moral system.

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On the Formative Mechanism of Moral Belief WEI Changling 2004(6): 43-46.  Abstract ( )   PDF (963KB) ( )   The formative mechanism of moral belief includes three parts in the least:ie, the achnow ledgement mechanism of needs,the inside chang mechanism of ethical responsibility and the integraton mechanism of moral psychology. the acknowledgement mechanism of needs touches the problems of the humanity, the value of life andthe aim of the human being, etc, which are the subjective basis of theformative mechanism of moral belief. The inside chang mechanism of ethical responsibility touches the the problems of the social ethical relations of the humanbeing, the social qualification and decision, the social value, the social moral rules and moral education, which are the objective conditions of formation ofmoral belief, etc. The integration mechanism of moral psychology touches the problems of the moral perception, the moral emotions,the moral will and the moralpersonaltity, which are the dynamic unity of the subjective and objective conditions of the moral belief.

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Analyzing Simply the Theoretical Connotation of Combination of Virtues of the Heaven and the Man ZHANG Huaicheng, HE Ren 2004(6): 47-52.  Abstract ( )   PDF (979KB) ( )   To combine the heaven and the man into one is one of fundamental characteristics of Chinese philosophy, it is reflected as combination of virtues of the heaven and the man. This proposition decides the noumenon of traditional morals, the origin of moral value and human moral nature, and it is the key idea andfundamental characteristic. No doubt it has many defects in theory, but it is extremely rich in abstract consideration and provides its own resolvement to manyimportant theoretical problems in ethics. It has still inspirations to our thinking of these questions today.

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How Does the Honesty and Sincerity Be Possible? The Connotation of Sincerity Doctrine of Confucianism CHEN Kehua 2004(6): 53-58.  Abstract ( )   PDF (987KB) ( )   To be deficient in the honesty and sincerity is one of serious problems in present social life in China. The construction of society of faith dependson fully excavating and absorbing in the thought resource of the honesty and sincerity in Chinese traditional ethical doctrines.How can become a subject of thehonesty and sincerity? This is the heart of theory of the honesty and sincerityof traditional Confucianism. But the establishment of the subject of the honestyand sincerity manifests mainly in the point that one does or does not make theconsciousness to be sincere. If we want to make the consciousness of subjects tobe sincere, we must use the methods of “keeping and cultivating” and “examining one's thoughts and conduct” and then make the property of sincerity in humanity to emerge and stand upright. So, speaking in the essence, the theory of thehonesty and sincerity of Confucianism is a theory of moral cultivation.

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On the Ethical Thinking of Achieving the Public Purpose PENG Dingguang 2004(6): 59-64.  Abstract ( )   PDF (980KB) ( )   The public purpose hold the public life in the whole, and use to conduct the life. To achieve it are both fundamental task of the public managementand the moral responsibility of the public manager.. Achieving the public purpose reasonably in the morality requires to use of the just means of public management and it requires that the public managers use the morality to restrain himself to chose the means of the public management. There are two cases in his moralrestrainment. The one case is to chose the just means of public management among the various means. The other is to use the means of the public management justly.

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On the Justice of Institutional Arrangement SHEN Huifang 2004(6): 65-69.  Abstract ( )   PDF (977KB) ( )   Institutions are basis and guarantee, rules and restrictions, and rewards and punishments and orientations. This decides the space and the direct to act, and decides what and how much that one ought or may or does acquire in factafter he or she paid his or her deeds. Thus the primary value of institutions isthe justice, that the arrangement of institutions is or is not justice has decisive significance.

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Absolute Fairness and Relative Fairness XU Dajian 2004(6): 70-73.  Abstract ( )   PDF (971KB) ( )   Efficiency and fairness are two basic principles in economic ethicsand basic evaluation criteria to direct economic behavior. But most economists think that there is irreconcilable conflict between efficiency and fairness, in which peoples are made bogged down in the dilemma of "efficiency versus fairness"when working out economic policies: either efficiency or fairness. This paper criticizes the liberalistic, egalitarian and utilitarian views of fairness, and tries to explain that this dilemma can be resolved by insisting on historical materialism, rejecting absolute view of fairness and adopting relative view of fairness.

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Fairness and Efficiency:Priority and Analysis of System Arrangement with Game Theory TAN Xipei, He Ziying 2004(6): 74-78.  Abstract ( )   PDF (977KB) ( )   Fair and Efficiency question is one of the questions receiving much concern in the life of human society, in the course of economic development of socialist market, people's discussion is fiercer. Someone says fair takes precedence over efficiency; someone says efficiency takes precedence over the fair. I think that belong to different preferential principles of assigning the field respectively, efficiency is the means of the field of livelihood distribute and fairis the means of the field of production distribute. This paper uses game theoryto prove: Fair and Efficiency can reach the best combination through scientificsystem design.

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Two Kinds of Spirit Of Morality of Science and Technology HAN Yuehong 2004(6): 79-82.  Abstract ( )   PDF (958KB) ( )   this paper works for excavating the ethical spirit in the back of all moral rules of science and technology, and raises that thespirits of science and humanism are the soul of moral rules of science and technology; explains the plentiful connotation of these two spirits, and analyzes the relation of theory and the relation of practice between them.

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Gene Technology and Ethics ZHANG Chunmei 2004(6): 83-86.  Abstract ( )   PDF (972KB) ( )   Starting at the analyzing of health and disease,this article discusses the cultural requests in the development of gene technology, which include theelimination of disease and the extension of choice freedom. These two requestsalso produce formation of the ethical nature of gene technology, which means gene technology not only endowed with the value of improving human health state andmade use of the nature, but also contained and influenced social values of different times. With the Consideration of gene ethics, it concludes that it is impossible to develop gene technology without the guidance by ethical rules which always contain in this process. As a core of gene ethics, human dignity should bedefended and emphasized.

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On Characteristics of Ethical Adjustment of ART Clinical Practice LI Lijun, LOU Guangxiu 2004(6): 87-92.  Abstract ( )   PDF (996KB) ( )   One of important missions of modern medical ethics is to strengthen medical ethics to adjust and take medical ethics spirit intothe infiltration of the medical process to solve the basic countermeasures ofethics problems that ART causes. Medical ethical committee for ART is an important form of realizing this kind of functions. The adjustments of the committeeare effected through ethical approvation, counseling, supervising, educating and adviceing etc, with a especial body framework, and cause the ART process to beunder surveillance objectively.

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The Historical Evolution of Views of Citizen and Civil Morality in theWest ——From Ancient Greece and Rome to 17th、18th Century ZHANG Boying, CHEN Ju 2004(6): 93-99.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1013KB) ( )   In ancient Greece and Rome, citizen were the minority enjoying political and economical privileges. Intelligence, courage, moderation and justice werethe major four virtues for citizens to have. In middle ages, being scarce of the soil for citizens and civic morality to grow up, the society created submissive subjects and cultivated subjective morality, which were deeply affected by christian theology . In modern times, the citizenship theory broke through the limits of citizenship in ancient Greece and Rome and the connotation of the citizenship expanded greatly. The thinkers of bourgeoise came up with bourgeoise' morality to adapt to the development of capitalism, which was of falsity in a certainsense.

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Marx's Critique of Moral Philosophy LUO Qiuli, HE Liangan 2004(6): 100-104.  Abstract ( )   PDF (985KB) ( )   It is species being that confirm human being is social being and has no eternal nature, which means more than the content of human being that Aristotle had given. By analysing species life activity, Marx formed his own moral principle and threw his doubt upon the effective of any others. Marx regarded free activity as human's ultimate value and substance of moral area, which is the unityof activity as means and as object.

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Benevolence or Justice: the Moral Basis of Modern Social Security System LI Liangxue 2004(6): 105-108.  Abstract ( )   PDF (967KB) ( )   Being a social system of safety, the social security needs a defence and support of morality. The benevolence can't be the moral basis of modern social security system for its natural defects of properties of unrestraint and rankand a flavor of alms, but the justice acquires the qualification of which is made the moral basis of social security with its "deserved" and "rule and standard". However, the social security system of justice still requires that the benevolence provides necessary psychological support for its operation.

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Deep Ecology and Ecological Ethics LIU Chaoxian 2004(6): 109-111.  Abstract ( )   PDF (945KB) ( )   This thesis introduces what deep ecology as a discipline covers and its development and present situation, and expounds the relationship between deep ecologyand ecological ethics. The author thinks that the two disciplines are closely interconnected but have different emphasis. Deep ecology stresses the deep philosophical questioning about the intrinsic value of nature, man's place in nature, and ecological systems etc. while ecological ethics focuses on the moral relationship between man and nature, the natural moral principles and the moral criteriafor judging people's behavior towards nature.