Abstract: Efficiency and fairness are two basic principles in economic ethicsand basic evaluation criteria to direct economic behavior. But most economists think that there is irreconcilable conflict between efficiency and fairness, in which peoples are made bogged down in the dilemma of "efficiency versus fairness"when working out economic policies: either efficiency or fairness. This paper criticizes the liberalistic, egalitarian and utilitarian views of fairness, and tries to explain that this dilemma can be resolved by insisting on historical materialism, rejecting absolute view of fairness and adopting relative view of fairness.

Key words: fairness, efficiency, absolute fairness, relative fairness

摘要： 效率和公平是经济伦理的两大原则,也是制定和衡量经济政策的价值依据,但大部分经济学家都认为,效率和公平存在着不可调和的矛盾,使得人们在指导经济行为和制定经济政策时处于两难境地。本文通过对自由主义、平等主义和功利主义公平观的批判,试图说明,从历史唯物主义的立场出发,抛弃绝对的公平观,主张相对的公平观,便能够解决这个难题。

关键词: 公平, 效率, 绝对的公平, 相对的公平