Abstract: Institutions are basis and guarantee, rules and restrictions, and rewards and punishments and orientations. This decides the space and the direct to act, and decides what and how much that one ought or may or does acquire in factafter he or she paid his or her deeds. Thus the primary value of institutions isthe justice, that the arrangement of institutions is or is not justice has decisive significance.

Key words: institutions, orientation, justice

摘要： 制度对我们的一切活动,既是基础、保证,又是规范、制约,还是赏罚、导向。这决定着我们可以在多大的空间里、向什么方向和方位去作为;并在付出自己的作为之后,应该、可以、事实上得到的是什么、有多少。因此,制度的首要价值是正义;制度安排是正义的还是不正义的,有决定性的意义。

关键词: 制度, 导向, 正义