Abstract: Kindness means goodness between friends originally, As moral norm, kindness refers to friendly moral relations and order between citizens. Citizens' relations and order being kindness because our good-orderly society and its public domain both is morally cooperative systen. Kindness has three functions as standardization,creation, integration. Kindenss has to be cemented for its abstrac into goodness, gentleness, honestness, broad-mindess, equality.and mutualness. Kindness isalso a main moral quality, with which citizens do good things and behave Kindly. Nowadays, citizens suffer three crux about kindness fearfulness named as unconcernedness, shirkingness, which require us to unite ethics, morality, managementetc., establish citizens relations and order from ethical aspect.

Key words: kindness, norm of kindness, function of kindness, duty of kindness, quality of kindness, realization of kindness

摘要： 友善的本义是指像朋友一样善良。作为公民道德规范的友善,本质上是指友好善良的公民伦理关系和公民秩序。公民关系和公民秩序应该友善,是因为,我们的良序社会及其公共领域,都是伦理性的合作体系。友善规范具有规范、创造、整合功能。友善规范是抽象的,它的实施需要细分为更具体的义务,即善益待人、和气待人、诚实待人、宽厚以待人、平等相待。友善也是公民的一种主要道德品质,公民由之在公共领域做出友善的事情和行为友善。当前公民对于友善患有三症,即友善情感上的冷默症、友善行为上的推卸症、友善结果上的恐惧症。克服这三种症状,需要伦理、道德、管理等相结合,从伦理上建设公民关系和公共秩序。

关键词: 友善, 友善规范, 友善关系, 友善功能, 友善义务, 友善实现