Abstract: The political system in Qing dynasty include mainly a basic political system concerning emperor power of produing transferring and using and a dibasic political system concerning disposing relation of interests.In the process of strengthening emperor power,emperors in Qing Dynasty on the one hand stopped the system that setting up the first son to be inheritor in former Dynasties,and built a system of establishing secretly inheritor,on the other hand they took many measures such as being diligent,going on a inspection tour,traveling incognito,sending Imperial Commissioners,carrying out a system of secret report and so on.It asks officials should bear appropriate responsibility in the process of operating of Qing Dynasty,question and seek for the reasonability of political system, and deal with all sorts of relation of interests according to a political system which is based on some common ideas of morality.

Key words: Qing Dynasty, political system, moral life

摘要： 清朝的政治制度主要包括有关皇权产生、转移和行使的根本政治制度和涉及利益关系处理的非根本政治制度。它虽然根本上是一种恶的制度,但它在自身的安排中却不得不内含着某种道德生活。在皇帝权力的强化中,清朝皇帝一方面终止了以往朝代所实行的立嫡长子为储君的制度,建立了秘密建储制度,另一方面,又采取了勤政、出巡、微服私访、派遣钦差大臣、实行密奏制度等主要措施。它要求官员在清朝政治制度的运行中承担相应的责任,对政治制度的合理性进行质疑和寻求,依据基于某种道德共识的政治制度来处理各种利益关系。

关键词: 清朝, 政治制度, 道德生活