为愤怒的有美德性辩护

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 玛莎·努斯鲍姆尖锐地否定愤怒的伦理价值及其有美德性：一方面,她指出这一情感包含着错误的认知性要素——其中蕴含的报复性信念是成问题的;同时,她认为愤怒仅具有极其有限、不足以使之得到采用的工具性价值。然而,努斯鲍姆对愤怒的否定可以得到有效回应。在许多情况下,愤怒所蕴含的信念并不是错误的,体现为恰当“惩罚”的报复对于人类生活与社会合作至关重要,而努斯鲍姆正是基于类似的理由肯定了“悲伤”这一情感所蕴含的有关“追思”的信念;同时,愤怒因情绪的“聚焦”和“感染”机制而在对抗不公和恶行的斗争中有着显著且难以替代的作用,而其副作用也是可控、可接受的。对努斯鲍姆的系统回应有助于为愤怒的“有美德性”辩护,并在一定程度上揭示其伦理意义。

关键词: 玛莎·努斯鲍姆, 美德, 愤怒, 报复, 惩罚

谢廷玉. 为愤怒的有美德性辩护[J]. 伦理学研究, 2026(3): 130-140.

Xie Tingyu. On the Virtue of Anger[J]. Studies in Ethics, 2026(3): 130-140.

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