关键词: 公平, 效率, 绝对的公平, 相对的公平

Abstract: Efficiency and fairness are two basic principles in economic ethicsand basic evaluation criteria to direct economic behavior. But most economists think that there is irreconcilable conflict between efficiency and fairness, in which peoples are made bogged down in the dilemma of "efficiency versus fairness"when working out economic policies: either efficiency or fairness. This paper criticizes the liberalistic, egalitarian and utilitarian views of fairness, and tries to explain that this dilemma can be resolved by insisting on historical materialism, rejecting absolute view of fairness and adopting relative view of fairness.

Key words: fairness, efficiency, absolute fairness, relative fairness