Abstract: An urgent problem of organ transplantation is facing with a serious shortage of supply.At present the transaction of the living organs is current. Some hold that the organs and tissues are owned by individual,a person has the right to deal with his body.The article aims to clarify that the human body is different with things,such as watch,clothings and so on by the comparison between Confucianism and western philosophy on the issue of "the human nature".The conclusion is that in the development of bioethics,Confucianism is still an important theoretical resource and deeply influencing the understanding of the human body and some ethical principles and laws.

Key words: body, organ, ownership, dignity, Confucianism

摘要： 器官移植面临的主要问题是供体不足,当前活体买卖器官颇为盛行。有人认为器官和组织是个人的,个体对自己的身体和器官拥有自主支配和控制权,他人不得干涉。本文通过分析比较儒家思想与西方几种哲学派别关于“人”、“人的本性”等基本问题的异同,力图阐明人体及部分器官不能等同于手表、衣服等私人财产,在当今生命伦理学的发展过程中,儒家思想仍不失为一种重要的理论来源和思想基础,并深刻影响着人们对自己身体的看法和中国当前的伦理规则、法律条文。

关键词: 身体, 器官, 归属权, 尊严, 儒家