Abstract: One of the main issues that neo-Confucianism concerned is how to manage the world, how to create social order, and how to reach self-accomplishment.One of the philosophical divisions in neo-Confucianism can be found between Zhangzai and Wang Yangming. This thesis is intended to analyze the ethical dimension of neo-Confucianism through looking into the differences in Zhangzai's and Wang Yangming's theories.

Key words: certainty, fact, inevitability, naturalness

摘要： 如何平治天下、安顿社会与如何成就自我,是理学关注的主要问题之一。前者涉及世间秩序,后者关乎人格之境;作为价值的关切,二者都以“当然”为题中之义。从哲学的立场与形态看,理学本身又有注重气、理、心之分,张载、二程与朱熹、陆九渊与王阳明便体现了以上的哲学分野。在理学的系统中,气、理、心并不仅仅是本体论的概念,它们同时或在更实质的意义上涉及“当然”;对气、理、心的不同侧重,往往体现了对“当然”的不同理解。与关注“当然”相联系,气、理、心的考察,又与心体与性体、德性之知与见闻之知、格物与诚意、本体与工夫的种种辨析彼此交错,理学由此展开了复杂的思想画卷。

关键词: 当然, 实然, 必然, 自然