Abstract: With its heuristic power of control, nanotechnology is considered as a potential field of ethical inquiry. This requires that the normative analysis of nanoethics is from the technological assessment of artifacts and social consequences to the vision one of metaphor, imagination and language, which promote us to suggest that Drexler's nanomachine popular in public sphere is from mechanistic metaphor, leading to the deterministic destiny of one-dimension society. In contrary, the opponent Smalley makes the biomimesis metaphor as a paradigmatic transformation, providing some opportunities for man to express moral responsibility in shaping nanotechnology. So the consciousness development of ethics-oriented nanotechnology is to consider it as the context-dependent field of many disciplines, directing the objective and subjective elements involved in meaning-making towards humanism as to make constructing nanotechnology for the nourishment and support of humanity.

Key words: Nanotechnology, Machine Metaphor, Context Dependence, Ethical Orientation

摘要： 鉴于纳米技术目前显现出的启发式控制活力,可以将其作为伦理学一个重要的潜在探索领域。这就要求把对纳米技术的规范分析从一般技术制品和后果评估扩大到技术隐喻、想象和语言评估,由此认为目前占据主流地位的德莱克斯勒式纳米机器是一种机械隐喻,必然导向决定论式的单向度社会命运,但其论敌斯默莱的生物模拟隐喻实际上意味着一种范式转换,因为它为人在纳米技术发展中提供了表达责任感的道德机会。沿着这一线索,目前倡导伦理导向的纳米技术发展,就是要把它作为一个多学科背景依赖领域,把参与其社会意义塑造的各种主客体要素引导到人道主义立场上来,以使纳米世界建构真正体现人的全面发展。

关键词: 纳米技术, 机械隐喻, 背景依赖, 伦理导向