Abstract: Kant's philosophy of morality is consistent withhis political philosophy. He thought that the priority of justice results from the inborn freedom ofhumanity, while that the free subject sticking to justice and morality is because of the good will which lies in the practical reason . Kant thus settle a basefor morality through these concepts including freedom, practical reason, good will, etc. But it is still innate and hollow. Only starting with the root point that morality is our pattern of existence can we understand morality and get itsexistence a substantial foundation.

Key words: Justice, Freedom, Practical reason, Good will, Moral base, Existence

摘要： 康德的道德哲学与其政治哲学是逻辑一致的,康德认为正义的优先性在于人先天的自由,而自由的主体坚持正义和遵从道德,则在于人的实践理性自身具有的善良意志,康德就这样通过自由、实践理性、善良意志等概念为道德奠定了基础。然而它仍然是先验的、空洞的,唯有从道德是人存在的方式这一存在论的根基处入手,才能理解道德并使其获得自身存在的坚实根基。

关键词: 正义, 自由, 实践理性, 善良意志, 道德基础, 存在