Abstract: This essay is intended for an analysis of the limitation and tendency of Kant's civic ethic by positioning it in the theory of historical reason. In Kant's eyes, the civic are nothing but existers with limited reason. Kant's consideration of the so-called existers with limited reason is based on his metaphysics on the one hand and as a response to Rousseau's theory. Kant's civic ethical thoughts reflect a state of international citizen.

Key words: historical reason, civic ethic, existers with limited reason, the state of international citizen

摘要： 本文力图把康德的公民伦理思想置于其历史理性的理论框架之中来思考其限度及趋向。在康德历史理性的言说中,公民在康德那里作为“有限的理性存在者”,它是自我作为有限存在者“并非无拘”。康德对于用“有限理性存在者”来对其公民伦理思想进行限定,一方面基于康德公民伦理思想是道德形而上学的实践理性理论,另一方面出于他对卢梭的法权哲学原则的呼应。从价值趋向、交往结构、制度规范、内在德性、权利属性、外在环境等方面对康德的公民伦理思想展开分析,可以察知康德公民伦理思想的趋向也体现为世界公民状态。

关键词: 历史理性, 公民伦理, 有限的理性存在者, 世界公民状态