Abstract: Loyalty is an important conception in Confucius' ethics theory. Confucius gave "loyalty" a system analysis from all directions, including theory discussion and how to cultivate and practice the loyalty morality, thus formed an intact system that theory and practicality combining with. In Confucius' opinion, "loyalty" obviously has the character of pan-ethics. As the moral character that all persons should possess, "loyalty" doesn't have alternative on the subject. As well as all the people beside the subject, all the works and undertakings done by the subject and motherland are the loyalty virtue's object.

Key words: Confucius, Loyalty morality, Ethics Positioning, Subject, Object, Cultivation

摘要： “忠”是孔子道德学说的一个重要范畴。孔子对“忠”的论述非常全面和系统,其中既包括对“忠”的学理性探讨,也包括对忠德的培育、践行等的方法论指导,构成了一个理论性与实践性兼备的完整体系。孔子的“忠”具有泛伦理特征,在他看来,“忠”是一切人都应具备的道德品格,不存在主体上的选择性;“忠”的美德不仅应当施于主体以外的所有人,而且应当施于主体所从事的工作和事业,施于自己的祖国。

关键词: 孔子, 忠德, 伦理定位, 主体, 客体, 培育