Abstract: That comprehending the relationship between human being and nature as a whole from the angle of philosophical notion is regarded as an effective approach which can not only fight against the abruption between human being and nature but also realize the harmony between them.At present,the holistic mode of human being and nature built in the study of ecological ethics is that human being is a part of nature.However,this mode,itself,wipes out the existence of human being as it were,as a result of that the holistic relationships between human being and nature becomes a phantom.The writer compared the two holistic modalities of the relationship between human being and nature in western philosophical history and finally considers the modality of unity in contrary as the most reasonable holistic one.The concrete manifestation of this holistic modality is that human being is nature,nature is human being.Marx's viewpoint on the relationship between human being and nature provides theoretical foundation to the realization of this holistic modality.

Key words: Ecological holism, Ecological ethics, human, nature

摘要： 从哲学观念上将人与自然的关系把握为一个整体,被看作是反对人与自然分裂、实现人与自然和谐的有效路径。目前在生态伦理学研究中所建构的人与自然关系之整体模式是:人是自然的一部分。然而,这一模式本身就消解了人之为人的存在,人与自然的整体关系亦随之成为幻像。笔者对比了西方哲学史上关于人与自然关系的两种整体形态,最终指认人与自然对立统一的形态才是合理的整体形态,而这一整体形态的具体表现形式则是:人即自然、自然即人。马克思关于人与自然关系的见解则为这一整体形态何以可能提供了理论根据。

关键词: 生态整体主义, 生态伦理, 人, 自然