Abstract: Ancient Chinese bureaucracy was a form of political and social administration based on the feudal economy of ancient China. What it reflects is the ruling order and executive system of agricultural civilization. Confucianism is the Class Ethics of Ancient Chinese bureaucracy. Their interrelation brings about the value features of ancient Chinese bureaucracy. Those features chiefly include the secular spirit of active living, the value monism of legalization, and cadre-centered value-orientation. Meanwhile it also forms in itself some institutional limits which hinders the development of Chinese society.

Key words: ancient China, bureaucracy, bureaucratic spirit, limits

摘要： 中国古代专制官僚制是建立在中国封建地主经济基础上的政治统治和社会管理形态,作为国家组织结构和形式,是人类社会在农业文明形态下最严密的统治和行政体制。儒家学说作为中国古代官僚阶层的“阶级伦理”,与此相互交融形成了中国古代官僚体制所独具的基本价值特征:适应现世的世俗理性主义精神;合法化基础的价值一元倾向、“官本位”的价值追求。同时,也形成了其自身难以克服的阻碍社会发展的制度性缺陷:国家制度民主的荒漠、体制的形式合理性缺乏。

关键词: 中国古代, 官僚制, 官僚精神, 缺陷