Abstract: Various moral problems newly arising from society demand the replies from ethics. But the view from the apply side-ethics or moral philosophy-is just unsatisfactory. There is, it would seem, a gravitational pull to theacademicising of even the most practical of issues, and ethics is still pursuedby many specialists as a value-free enquiry employing language of extreme technical obscurity. In order to understand the deep divisions between serious moral concerns in the real world and morally detached position-taking in philosophy, and within philosophy between the pursuit of wisdom on the one hand, and the desire for a show of ethical expertise on the other, it would be useful to trace backto the origins of Western philosophy and have a look at the historical understanding of wisdom, its relation to virtue and rationality, and how different wisdoms are indeed needed.

Key words: wisdom, virtue, rationality

摘要： 种种新的社会道德问题的出现,对伦理学提出了新的要求。而提供者一方——伦理学或道德哲学——是不能令人满意的。它把即使是最具有实践意义的问题也导向“学术化”,而伦理学仍然被许多专家们作为一种价值中立的、需要运用极端模糊的专业语言来探究的学科。为了理解对现实世界的严肃道德关怀与哲学所彩取与道德相分离的立场之间深刻的分歧,以及理解在哲学自身中所存在的,一方面要追求智慧,而另一方面又要满足表现伦理专业见解的愿望,就有必要回顾一下西方哲学史上关于智慧及其与美德、合理性的关系的阐述,以及不同层次的智慧是如何真正被需要的。

关键词: 智慧, 美德, 合理性