Abstract: Individualism is the main line of Occidental culture, and can be divided into extreme individalism and rational individualism.In the past,people hold individualism is Capitalism’s ideology and appropriate for Capitalism.In fact individualism is the result of civil society,which bases on commodity economy andexists not only in Capitalist nations but also in Socialism ones.So individualism also exists in Socialist nations. In Socialist nations the moral aim is the genuine collectivism for which the extreme individualism is seriously opposed andjust rational individualism is allowed to exist and develop in realm of civil society but not in realm of national life.

Key words: Individualism, Extreme individualism, Rationalindividualism, Collectivism, Realm of civil society, Realm of national life

摘要： 个人主义是西方文化发展的一条主线。个人主义可分为极端个人主义与合理个人主义两种。过去人们认为个人主义是在资本主义发展过程中逐步形成的道德原则,与资本主义制度相适应。实际上个人主义是以商品经济为基础的市民社会的产物,资本主义有市民社会,社会主义有市民社会,个人主义在社会主义国家也存在。只是社会主义国家以建立“真正的”集体主义为道德目标,所以它极力反对极端个人主义,只允许合理个人主义存在和发展,并且限制于市场社会领域,反对泛滥于国家生活领域。

关键词: 个人主义, 极端个人主义, 合理个人主义, 集体主义, 市民社会领域, 国家生活领域