Abstract: To analyze concretely the human nature,it was necessary to distinguish the primitive human nature and the realistic human nature.Confucius did not define the good and the evil of primitive human nature,but he thought there was a little part people whose human nature were the best,and the other little part were not the better.The most people's talent and nature were moderate,and their nature have hardly any diffreces.Confcius did not give the definite judgment of good and evil to the most people's nature.He thought the realistic human nature included the desires of fame and wealth which should be attained by the just methods and could not be excess which was the main reason to degenerate human.

Key words: Confucius, Primitive Human Nature, Realistic Human Nature

摘要： 在具体分析孔子人性论的时侯,我们应该区分原始人性与现实人性。孔子并没有明确界定原始人性的善恶,但是他认为一小部分人的品性极善、资质很高;另一部分人的品性不好、资质愚钝;此外,绝大部分人属于“中人”,这部分人之间的本性差不多,孔子没有作出明确的善恶判断。孔子认为现实人性包含有对名利富贵的欲望,但是名利富贵要通过正当的途径来获得,并且欲望不能过度,纵欲是人性变坏的主要原因。此外,统治者的乱政是导致人性变坏的外部原因。所以他又主张通过礼法来约束欲望。

关键词: 孔子, 原始人性, 现实人性