合成生物学研究和应用的伦理学论证——对“诉诸自然”论证的批判

伦理学研究 ›› 2022 (5): 111-118.

合成生物学研究和应用的伦理学论证——对“诉诸自然”论证的批判

雷瑞鹏

出版日期:2022-09-10 发布日期:2022-11-15
作者简介:雷瑞鹏,华中科技大学哲学学院教授、国家治理研究院研究员,博士生导师。
基金资助:
*本文系国家重点研发计划项目“合成生物学伦理、政策法规框架研究”（2018YFA0902400)、华中科技大学2019年自主创新项目“大数据时代生物样本库的哲学研究”（2019WKZDJC020）的阶段性成果

Online:2022-09-10 Published:2022-11-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 合成生物学被誉为21世纪最有前景的新兴生物科学分支,它在系统生物学基础上,采用工程科学的原理和方法,改造自然的或设计合成新的生物系统,使之拥有新的功能,为有效解决人类面临的重大问题提出新的方案。然而这种改造自然界中已有的生物系统,以及设计、制造新的生物系统的新兴技术引起了激烈的伦理质疑和争论,诉诸自然的论证就是反对合成生物学的主要论证之一。这一论证强调严格区分自然与人造,质疑合成生物学混淆了这二者之间的界限,颠覆了本已安排好的人与自然的关系,在形而上学和伦理学方面犯了错误,并谴责合成生物学损害了环境。分析这些质疑,对反对合成生物学的诉诸自然的论证进行系统的分析和批评,有助于今后新兴生物技术的发展逐渐摆脱这一影响比较广泛的错误论证。

关键词: 合成生物学, 自然, 人造物, 生命, 形而上学, 伦理学

雷瑞鹏. 合成生物学研究和应用的伦理学论证——对“诉诸自然”论证的批判[J]. 伦理学研究, 2022(5): 111-118.

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