生命伦理学语境中康德尊严观的重新阐释

伦理学研究 ›› 2020 (3): 69-76.

生命伦理学语境中康德尊严观的重新阐释

李亚明

出版日期:2020-05-10 发布日期:2021-12-07
作者简介:李亚明,中国社会科学院哲学研究所、中国社会科学院应用伦理研究中心副教授。
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金一般项目“生命伦理学语境中的道德地位问题研究”（19BZX118）; 国家社会科学基金重大项目“生物哲学重要问题研究”（14ZDB171）

Online:2020-05-10 Published:2021-12-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 人的尊严是生命伦理学的核心概念。康德的人性公式在很大程度上塑造了当代生命伦理研究中的尊严观。由于对人性公式的片面理解,生命伦理学中的“康德主义”否定人类尊严的平等性,遮蔽了康德的尊严概念本应具有的重要理论功能。人性公式论述的是尊严的道德要求,而非尊严的基础。构建康德的尊严观,需要超越人性公式之外对康德的尊严理论进行阐释。通过分析人性、人格和道德自主等康德哲学中的重要概念,可以得出以下推论：人类个体的尊严并非来自于个体自主选择的能力,而是来自于个体对人类整体尊严的分享;人类整体的尊严来自人类道德自主的潜力,而非已表现出的能力。这样的尊严观恰恰认可并论证了尊严概念在当代生命伦理研究中所承担的不同于以往的功能,并有助于解决当代生物医学技术的应用所带来的伦理困境。

关键词: 尊严, 自主, 人性, 生命伦理学

李亚明. 生命伦理学语境中康德尊严观的重新阐释[J]. 伦理学研究, 2020(3): 69-76.

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