亚当·斯密的自然正义与德性正义

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 作为商业社会的首席辩护人,斯密因其正义论给商业社会的秩序来源确立了合法性而广受关注。尽管如此,学界尚未就其正义论的内涵达成一致。回到斯密的道德理论可以为此提供解答。斯密的道德理论秉承苏格兰学派以情感作为道德判断依据的传统,区分了合宜性和德性两个判断标准。体现在正义论上,就表现为自然正义与德性正义的二重奏。斯密虽然把基于交换正义的社会秩序理论视为最重要的工作,但他从未忽视德性之于一个美好社会的重要性,并一直以此来指引自己构建社会理论。斯密的正义论,不论是自然正义部分还是德性正义部分,对于理解当今中国的社会转型进而实现善治而言,皆极富启发意义。

关键词: 第二斯密问题, 合宜性, 德性, 同情, 旁观者

范良聪. 亚当·斯密的自然正义与德性正义[J]. 伦理学研究, 2021(1): 63-73.

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