关键词: 狄尔泰, 生命伦理学, 描述心理学, 个体伦理, 社会伦理

Abstract: Dilthey was an important and innovative ethicist in the modern history of western ethics, but drew little attention for a long time. Having widely absorbed many academic thoughts of his day, he established an ideological system of ethics of life from the perspective of human life itself, which has rich empirical contents and important practical values. He advocated using the methods of internal intuitional selbstbesinnung and meaningful interpretation to analyze and describe the type of moral behavior and the structure of moral consciousness. He took descriptive psychology as the theoretical basis to explain all the moral phenomena and their relations. In his opinion, ethic is the expression of mental life, individual ethic is the expression of individual mental life, and social ethic is the expression of social mental life. Accordingly, he developed his individual ethic view and social ethic view. His ethics of life was basically important for his whole program of Geisteswissenschaften, and made pioneering contribution to the school of ethics of life in the history of western ethics.

Key words: Dilthey, ethics of life, descriptive psychology, individual ethic, social ethic